Respected
sir,
Here, archetypal
Criticism means, recurrent narrative designs, patterns of action,
Character-types, themes, and images which are identifiable in wide variety of
works of literature, as well as in myths, dreams, and even social rituals. Psychologist
Carl G. Jung, who applied the term “Archetype” first, to what he called
“primordial images” or “the psychic residue”. He moreover says that the
“collective unconscious” of human race and are expressed in myth, religion,
dreams, and private fantasies, as well as in works of literature.
Through the
analogy “Physics to Nature”, and “Criticism to Literature”, he suggest that as
students of physics says that they are studying physics not nature. The same
question raise in literature that how one can study literature, therefore Frye
says that literature never can be taught or learnt but the criticism of
literature can be taught and learnt too.
“Literature
can’t have that organized body of knowledge,
But criticism has”.
The relation
of literature with history and philosophy is quite obvious. Because we know
that neither religion nor science has that criteria which favors humanity.
Whereas, literature always stands by humanity- human nature, human desires
human psychology, human mindsets, etc. And we always find something beyond
morality and cultural identity in literature. There always remain a state,
“what one can be rather than what one should be?” “Literature reflects the
society”, we find this quote many time. So, we through literature can reach at
so and so time and its contemporary social state. Whereas, “philosophy”
indicates mental state of Individual. Thus, Frye says that artist of new era
takes the ‘Incidents’ from ‘History’ and ‘Ideas’ from ‘Philosophy’ and create
such new work of art or literature.
Inductive
method: - ‘Using particular examples to reach a general conclusion about something’.
To explain
this method Frye gives the example of Grave Digger scene from ‘Hamlet’. It
leads us from ‘Particular to General’. In this scene we find two diggers are
singing a song while digging a grave, then we find Hamlet cracks joke on
different sculpts, then Ophelia brought to buried in that grave, here we find
corruption (king power), than for the first time throughout the play Hamlet
accepts his love for Ophelia and fought with leartes. It shows Hamlet’s deeper
love towards Ophelia. And he seems archetypal hero who ready to die for his
beloved.
Deductive
method: - ‘Using logic or reason to form a conclusion or opinion about
something’.
Frye with
the reference of Music and Painting tries to explain deductive method. He says
that music has rhythm and painting has pattern. Perhaps we cannot understand
the rhythm or music at first listening but with the blink of eye we can get the
pattern of the painting. Thus literature is the only bridge between music and
painting.
Autumn Blessings is the poem written by Deborah Ann Belka in
2012. Autumn as Blessings suggests paradox of usual belief toward it. We
usually take autumn as a fall season, which loses all leaves and fruits on
tree. People compare it with their lives’ adversities and melancholies. They
take autumn as cruel season of all. But here in this poem autumn taken as
crucial one which makes trees free from their old leaves and fruits, which has
no use at all. It is the rule of ‘Nature’ that when old leaves then new comes.
So, autumn is the season which welcomes new and fresh things with fetching
older one with her.
The first stanza
suggests that autumn brings relief to the soul as summer days are up to finish.
Poet says that autumn sent by god for weary hearts which needs to repaired and
mended. And this season gives chance to trees to restore themselves with new
and fresh leaves and fruits.
In second
stanza poet says that with the season trees changes their leaves. But autumn in
human’s life made for to adhere, to embrace and to cleave, so that their
relation can be stick together again. Poet uses the word ‘failing hearts’; autumn
in human’s life reaffix the broken hearts.
In third
stanza, poet talks about the next season monsoon which comes with autumn wind.
It rains for fraying hearts to increase, grow and to gain.
Next stanza
talks about sun’s late rising and early setting at eve in autumn days. So that
sleepy hearts can rise and shine.
The last stanza speaks about rest. Poet says
that with the autumn days we take rest from continuing works through the year
(summer vacation). God gave us autumn to feel relief and rest. Autumn gives us
respite from stressful and unpleasant tasks. Poet includes that our beset souls
get relief in this season only. So this is the cheerful season given by God.
“How blessed
we are with the autumn!”
Thus we find
a quite different but beautiful imagination of poet towards autumn, which
suggests the positive thinking in negative atmosphere.
Thank you.
